Considered the first hydrogen fuel cell automobile, the Electrovan took the next steps to apply hydrogen fuel cell technology to on-road applications. The experimental vehicle served as a crucial milestone for demonstrating hydrogen and fuel cells as a cleaner solution, and provoked further interest in research and development.

GM created the 2000 Precept with the New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) program. The hybrid concept relied on either gasoline or hydrogen, and featured a design emphasizing aerodynamic efficiency, lightweight construction and advanced propulsion technologies. The Precept provided crucial insights that paved the way for later GM hybrids, including the Chevrolet Volt.

In 2001, GM equipped a Chevrolet S-10 with fuel cell technology that used an onboard fuel processor to reform gasoline into hydrogen to increase fuel economy. The S-10 demonstrated a new method to employ hydrogen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct, and opened doors to other collaborations with GM while pushing the boundaries of propulsion technologies.

The 2002 GM AUTOnomy relied on integrating hydrogen fuel cell technology into a new skateboard chassis design. The concept vehicle utilized drive-by-wire technology to control steering, braking and throttle rather than mechanical linkages. The highly modular design elevated the thinking behind propulsion systems, showcasing how adaptable platforms could improve efficiency and performance and meet environmental needs. 

The 2005 Chevrolet Sequel showcased a new vision of hydrogen fuel cell technology built on the concepts of the AUTOnomy. The Sequel achieved a 300-mile range, a refuel time of less than 10 minutes and zero tailpipe emissions. While the vehicle created a blueprint for the future of alternative energy in vehicles like the Chevrolet Volt, it did not make it into mass production.

Through R&D efforts in 2005, GM designed a hydrogen fuel cell powered Chevrolet Silverado. GM tested the vehicles in extreme field conditions to confirm their viability on military missions, advancing fuel cell technology for new off- and on-road challenges.

GM created over one hundred 2007 Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell vehicles boasting zero tailpipe emissions and a 200-mile range. The fleet was entrusted to consumers to test and research their response to the new technology, and delivered invaluable insights into the viability of hydrogen-powered vehicles and the infrastructural investments needed.  

GM provided the US Navy with hydrogen fuel cells for installation into a Large Displacement Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (unmanned submarine). The propulsion relied on stored hydrogen and oxygen, enabling the UUVs to achieve up to ten times the underwater mission time, over 1,000 hours of continuous underwater operation. 

The 2017 Chevrolet Colorado ZH2 was an experimental off-road vehicle developed in collaboration with the military. It is considered one of the most extreme off-road-capable fuel-cell-powered vehicles with near-silent mobility, a reduced heat signature, onboard water production, exportable electric power and zero tailpipe emissions.